OWASP Top 10 2025 Training Course

A01:2025 - Broken Access Control
A02:2025 - Security Misconfiguration
A03:2025 - Software Supply Chain Failures
A04:2025 - Cryptographic Failures
A05:2025 - Injection
A06:2025 - Insecure Design
A07:2025 - Authentication Failures
A08:2025 - Software or Data Integrity Failures
A09:2025 - Security Logging and Alerting Failures
A10:2025 - Mishandling of Exceptional Conditions

A01:2025 Broken Access Control - This category addresses the failure to enforce policies that restrict users to their intended permissions. Such weaknesses often result in unauthorized disclosure, alteration, or deletion of data, or the execution of business functions beyond the user’s authorized scope.

A02:2025 Security Misconfiguration - This occurs when a system, application, or cloud service is configured incorrectly from a security standpoint, thereby introducing vulnerabilities.

A03:2025 Software Supply Chain Failures - These failures involve compromises or breakdowns in the process of building, distributing, or updating software. They frequently stem from vulnerabilities or malicious modifications in third-party code, tools, or dependencies relied upon by the system.

A04:2025 Cryptographic Failures - Broadly, all data in transit should be encrypted at the transport layer (OSI layer 4). Former obstacles, such as CPU performance constraints and complex private key/certificate management, have been mitigated by modern CPUs featuring accelerated encryption instructions (e.g., AES support) and simplified key management via services like LetsEncrypt.org, alongside tightly integrated certificate management offered by major cloud providers. Beyond securing transport, it is crucial to identify data requiring encryption at rest, as well as data needing additional encryption in transit at the application layer (OSI layer 7). Sensitive information, such as passwords, credit card details, health records, personal data, and business secrets, demands enhanced protection, particularly when subject to privacy laws like the EU's General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) or standards like the PCI Data Security Standard (PCI DSS).

A05:2025 Injection - An injection vulnerability is a flaw in the system that permits an attacker to insert malicious code or commands (such as SQL or shell code) into input fields, causing the system to execute these unintended instructions. This can have severe and damaging consequences.

A06:2025 Insecure Design - Insecure design is a broad category covering various weaknesses characterized by "missing or ineffective control design." It is not the root cause of all other Top Ten risk categories. It is important to distinguish between insecure design and insecure implementation. Design flaws and implementation defects are differentiated because they originate from different root causes, occur at different stages of the development process, and require distinct remediation strategies. A securely designed system may still suffer from implementation defects that create exploitable vulnerabilities. Conversely, an insecure design cannot be resolved by perfect implementation because the necessary security controls were never established to defend against specific attacks. A contributing factor to insecure design is often the absence of business risk profiling inherent in the software or system, leading to a failure to determine the appropriate level of security design required.

A07:2025 Authentication Failures - This vulnerability exists when an attacker can deceive a system into recognizing an invalid or incorrect user as a legitimate one.

A08:2025 Software or Data Integrity Failures - These failures relate to code or infrastructure that fails to prevent invalid or untrusted code and data from being treated as trusted and valid. An example is an application relying on plugins, libraries, or modules from untrusted sources, repositories, or content delivery networks (CDNs). An insecure CI/CD pipeline lacking software integrity checks can introduce risks of unauthorized access, insecure or malicious code, or system compromise. Another example is a CI/CD process that retrieves code or artifacts from unverified locations and does not validate them prior to use (e.g., through signature checking).

A09:2025 Security Logging & Alerting Failures  - In the absence of logging and monitoring, attacks and breaches remain undetected. Without effective alerting, rapid and effective response during a security incident is significantly hampered. This failure occurs when there is insufficient logging, continuous monitoring, detection, and alerting to trigger active responses.

A10:2025 Mishandling of Exceptional Conditions - This occurs when software fails to prevent, detect, and respond to unusual and unpredictable situations, resulting in crashes, unexpected behavior, or vulnerabilities. This mishandling can involve one or more of the following failures: the application does not prevent the unusual situation, does not identify it as it occurs, or responds inadequately or not at all afterward.

We will explore and present practical aspects of:

Broken Access Control
- Practical examples of broken access controls
- Secure access controls and best practices

Security Misconfiguration
- Real-world examples of misconfigurations
- Steps to prevent misconfiguration, including configuration management and automation tools

Cryptographic Failures
- Detailed analysis of cryptographic failures such as weak encryption algorithms or improper key management
- Importance of strong cryptographic mechanisms, secure protocols (SSL/TLS), and examples of modern cryptography in web security

Injection Attacks
- Detailed breakdown of SQL, NoSQL, OS, and LDAP injection
- Mitigation techniques using prepared statements, parameterized queries, and escaping inputs

Insecure Design
- We'll explore design flaws that can lead to vulnerabilities, like improper input validation
- We'll study strategies for secure architecture and secure design principles

Authentication Failures
- Common authentication issues
- Secure authentication strategies, like multi-factor authentication and proper session handling

Software and Data Integrity Failures
- Focus on issues like untrusted software updates and data tampering
- Safe update mechanisms and data integrity checks

Security Logging and Monitoring Failures
- Importance of logging security-relevant information and monitoring for suspicious activities
- Tools and practices for proper logging and real-time monitoring to detect breaches early